Comprehensive Review of Early and Late Toxicities in CAR T-Cell Therapy and Bispecific Antibody Treatments for Hematologic Malignancies

This comprehensive review delves into the dual innovations of CAR T-cell therapy and bispecific antibody (BsAb) treatments, which have revolutionized the management of hematologic malignancies. It addresses both early and late toxicities associated with these therapies, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, infections, and potential secondary malignancies. This review emphasizes the importance of early detection using biomarkers and imaging and highlights intervention strategies, including immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, and cytokine inhibitors. With a focus on a multidisciplinary approach, this study underscores the need for collaboration between hematologists, oncologists, and infectious disease specialists to balance efficacy with toxicity. Emerging technologies, including targeted biologics and personalized medicine, show promise in improving patient outcomes by minimizing complications while extending survival and quality of life. This analysis serves as a critical resource for healthcare professionals managing the complexities of these advanced therapies.