Fou rire prodromique and history of pathological laughter in the XIX ^th and XX^th centuries

Fou rire prodromique (prodrome of crazy laughter) is a rarely described nosological entity. In 1903, Charles Féré, a French neurologist, introduced the term fou rire prodromique to describe pathological laughter heralding an apoplectic event. He was also among the first to describe gelastic epilepsy. His description was influenced by Édouard Brissaud, who supported the existence of a thalamic center for laughter regulation and suggested that spasmodic laughter and crying were due to lesions of the faisceau psychique (anterior internal capsule) or to irritation of the faisceau géniculé (corticobulbar tract). One hundred years later, we review the evolution of the theories about pathological laughter and crying from Charles Bell in the early XIX^th Century, up to the seminal works of Kinnier Wilson and James Papez and the era of modern neuroscience.