Perioperative blood transfusion has a dose-dependent relationship with disease recurrence and survival in patients with non–small cell lung cancer

Objective: Perioperative blood transfusions have been implicated in decreased overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after resection for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the effects of single- and multiple-unit blood transfusions on OS, DFS, and recurrence after anatomic pulmonary resection. Methods: From January 1, 2000, to June 30, 2016, 5709 consecutive patients underwent pulmonary resection for NSCLC at our institution. Exclusion criteria were stage IIIB-IV disease, incomplete resections, ill-defined histologic subtypes, and nonanatomic wedge resections. For the 0 versus single-unit analysis, propensity scores were calculated from a logistic regression model that predicted the probability of patients receiving a single-unit transfusion. The resulting matching weights were incorporated into Cox models for OS, DFS, and cumulative incidence of recurrence, to compare no versus single-unit blood transfusion. We determined whether increasing numbers of blood transfusions influenced survival or recurrence using multivariable Cox models. Results: Approximately 10% of patients received perioperative blood transfusion (median follow-up, 7.46 years [25th-75th percentile, 3.98-11.8]). There was no difference in OS, DFS, or cumulative incidence of recurrence between patients receiving no transfusion and those receiving single-unit transfusion (P > .05). However, a dose–response relationship was observed, demonstrating worse OS (overall P < .001), DFS (overall P < .001), and recurrence (overall P = .010) with increasing units of blood transfused. Conclusions: Although a single-unit blood transfusion did not affect survival in patients undergoing resection for NSCLC, greater unit perioperative blood transfusions were associated with significantly decreased long-term outcomes in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting avoidance or minimization of transfusions could improve long-term survival after lung resection.