Post radiotherapy leiomyosarcoma of the prostate: Can radiation therapy induce a secondary cancer? A case report

Sarcoma of the prostate is a rare neoplasm, accounting for less than 0.1% of prostate malignancies. There are only a few cases reported in the literature. The prognosis for this cancer is poor and the average survival is variable. The authors present a case report on a patient diagnosed with prostate sarcoma following initial diagnosis and treatment for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. What makes this case interesting is that the patient had a history of failed treatment for prostate adenocarcinoma that consisted of external beam therapy and palladium seed implants. Eight years later, the patient was diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma of the prostate. There may be a causal relationship between radiation therapy to the prostate and the development of the leiomyosarcoma.