Severe anemia may not be a contraindication to debridement in a Jehovah's witness patient with necrotizng fasciitis of the lower extremity – A case report

Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe soft tissue infection characterized by rapidly progressing necrosis involving the fascia and subcutaneous tissue. Necrotizing fasciitis of the lower extremity in a Jehovah's Witness patient in the setting of severe anemia and systemic sepsis is uncommon. Case presentation: A 62-year-old man of Jehovah's Witness faith with a history of alcohol use disorder and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus initially presented with a non-healing diabetic foot ulcer, subsequently developed sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. He underwent an above the knee amputation and was transferred to our institution's Surgical Intensive Care Unit for further management. The patient presented in critical condition with a hemoglobin of 4.7 g/dL and progression of necrotizing fasciitis of the lower extremity stump. He underwent revision amputation and numerous excisional debridements along with IV antibiotics, epoetin alfa, and iron sucrose. He successfully recovered with minimal blood loss and was discharged with a hemoglobin of 8 g/dL. Discussion: This case highlights some of the challenges involved in managing necrotizing fasciitis. The conversation with the Jehovah's Witness patient in a life-threatening condition must be held with the upmost respect. Surgical decision making and operative technique is critical in determining the boundary of excisional debridement to perform in the absence of the ability to transfuse blood. The medical management was focused on resuscitation for sepsis, severe anemia, hyperglycemia, and wound management. Conclusion: Severely anemic patients in critical condition can survive necrotizing fasciitis with a well-planned interdisciplinary approach without compromising patient autonomy.